Biblical Archaeology Review

The Dead Sea Scrolls and Why They Matter

Caves and Contents

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Cave 1

Found accidentally by a Bedouin searching for stray animals in early 1947 (though it may have been earlier), Cave 1 contained the best-preserved scrolls, which had been protected by tall clay jars with lids. The notable scrolls discovered here included two copies of the Book of Isaiah, the War Scroll, which describes an expected apocalyptic battle between the Children of Light and the Children of Darkness, and the Rule of the Community, which contains the rules of the sect thought to have composed many of the Scrolls.

Contents found in Cave 1:
1Q1 Genesis
1Q2 Exodus
1Q3 Paleo-Leviticus
1Q4 Deuteronomy
1Q5 Deuteronomy
1Q6 Judges
1Q7 Samuel
1QIsa Isaiah
1Q8 Isaiah
1Q9 Ezekial
1Q10 Psalms
1Q11 Psalms
1Q12 Psalms
1Q13 Phylactery
1Q14 Pesher Micah
1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk
1Q15 Pesher Zephaniah
1Q16 Pesher Psalms
1Q17 Jubliees
1Q18 Jubilees
1Q19 Noah
1QapGen Genesis Apocryphon
1Q20 Genesis Apocryphon
1Q21 Levi (Aramaic)
1Q22 Moses
1Q23 Enoch
1Q24 Enoch
1Q25 Apocryphal Prophecy
1Q26 Wisdom Apocryphon
1Q27 Mysteries
1Q28 Community Rule
1QS Community Rule
1Q28 Congregation Rule
1Q28 Rule of the Blessings
1Q29 Liturgy of 3 Tongues of Fire
1Q30 liturgical text
1Q31 liturgical text
1Q32 New Jerusalem
1Q33 War Scroll
1QM War Scroll
1Q34 liturgical prayers
1QH Hodayot
1Q35 Hodayot
1Q36 hymns?
1Q37 hymns?
1Q38 hymns?
1Q39 hymns?
1Q40 hymns?
1Q41-70 unclassified
1Q71 Daniel
1Q72 Daniel

Sources

Vermes, Geza. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English. New York: Penguin Press, 1997.

Schiffman, Lawrence and VanderKam, James. The Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Comment Talkback Add Your Comment

Connie's question

Richard — USA (8/21/2008 1:34:41 PM)

Connie, if you research under "calendar" or "roman calendar" you will see that the current calendar was presented to the then-current Pope in 531 by a monk named Dionysius Exiguus. But Dionysius was wrong about the date of the birth of Jesus - scholars now put that three years earlier in 4 BC not 1 BC. So if Jesus was born in Aril 4BC, he could not have been born in the year 0, Dec 25, or in the year -1 (1 BC), on Dec 25. In effect, if you do some research, you will see that all dates are wrong, from that starting point in 531. Everyone knows but no one wants to change the calendar.

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NEED MORE INFO ON WHY THEY ARE IMPORTANT

MATT — (8/20/2008 9:16:50 AM)

Its pretty good but i think it needs to have more information on why they are important to us!!!

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time line

connie — United States (8/4/2008 11:30:24 AM)

I am a little confused on the time line you have posted, I was always under the assumption that the cuurent era began with the birth of Jesus. And that hew was app. 33 years when he was crucafied. That would make His crusafixtion somewhere betwee 32-34 AD. The time line shows His birth at 4A.D. and his crucafixtion at 30 A.D.. Which would make him 26. We have always been told that men could not begin to teach before the were 30 years old. Could you explain this to me, I am sure I am missing somethg significant. Thank you.

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SCROLLS

JOHN — (6/10/2008 12:30:06 PM)

KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK!

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teacher of righteousness

silvertongue — England (6/1/2008 11:08:26 AM)

does Barbara Thiering's theory of the teacher of righteousness being John the Baptist, fit with the idea that the text is telling of future events when the end of days is imminent?

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The Dead Sea Scrolls

dmanh — USA (5/31/2008 6:29:12 PM)

I agree with Mr. Johson in the fact that the scrolls should be shared publically. No one should have absolute authority as to peace-meal the information out as they see fit.

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DSS

Oscar Johnson — USA (5/15/2008 7:37:10 AM)

I certainly agree with Don. those findings should be shared with the public. remember the scrolls were not found by archaeologist but rather poor shepherds. even then it was shared.

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Photos

William Chamberlin, Bible Collector — United States (5/14/2008 8:05:30 PM)

The Dead Sea Scroll of Isaiah is available on the Internet along with an English translation. I also have two different book with photos of the entire scroll of Isaiah. But, that is all a layperson can find. I would like to have photos of all of the balance of the scrolls and fragments.

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Robert Eisenmann

Meyer Gross — USA (5/14/2008 4:36:19 PM)

Why is not Bob Eisenmann mentioned amoung the people surrounding the Dead Sea Scrolls. Surely, his efforts deserve mention

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Where are the photo copies?

Don Srail — USA (5/14/2008 3:15:14 PM)

Why are photocopies of the Dead Sea Scrolls on the internet not available free to the public? Why are the intellectuals who control them allowed to have such exclusive rights, and cut the public out of such finds of Biblical importance? I’m only glad these fellows went into the field of archaeology. Had they gone into the field of atmospherics we would all be denied the very air we breath.

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